30.A2-week-oldgirlisbroughttothepediatricianforherfirstdoctor’sappointment.Physicalexaminationrevealsatuftofhaironherlowerback;ultrasoundshowsnoherniationofanykind.Whichofthefollowingconditionsdoesthisbabyhave?
(A)Anencephaly（无脑儿）
(B)Meningocele（脑脊膜突出）
(C)Meningomyelocele（脊膜脊髓膨出）
(D)Spinabifidacystica（囊性脊柱裂）
(E)Spinabifidaocculta（隐性脊柱裂）
30.ThecorrectanswerisE.Spinabifidaoccultaiscausedbythefailureoftheposteriorvertebralarchestocloseinutero.Generallytherearenoassociatedclinicalabnormalities,oratuftofhairmaybepresentoverthesiteofthedefect.Folicacidgivenbeforethe28thdayofpregnancycanhelppreventitsoccurrence;vitaminAmayalsohaveslightprotectivebenefit.
正确答案是E，是由子宫后椎弓根闭合失败引起的。通常没有什么临床症状，在缺陷部位可能会出现一撮头发。怀孕28天前服用叶酸可以预防这种情况的发生，维生素A也有一定作用
AnswerAisincorrect.Anencephalyoccurswhenthecephalicendoftheneuraltubefailstoclose,resultingintheabsenceofamajorportionofthebrain,skull,andscalp.Infantswiththisdisorderarebornwithoutaforebrainandacerebrum.Theremainingbraintissueisoftenexposed.
无脑儿是因为神经管的头端无法闭合发生的，出生的无脑儿缺乏大脑的主要部分，头骨和头皮
AnswerBisincorrect.Meningoceleistheherniationofmeninges(butnonervetissue)throughabonydefect,oftenlocatedatthesacrum.
这个常常出现在骶骨，是形成一个疝
AnswerCisincorrect.Meningomyeloceleoccurswhenthereisherniationofthemeningesandspinalcordthroughaspinalcanaldefect.
这个是通过缺损的椎管形成的疝
AnswerDisincorrect.Spinabifidacysticaiscausedbythefailureoftheposteriorvertebralarchestoclose,alongwithexternalprotrusionofasaclikestructure.Thisisfurtherclassifiedaccordingtotheextentofneuralinvolvement(e.g.,meningoceleormeningomyelocele).
囊性脊柱裂是由后椎弓根闭合失败以及囊状结构向外突起引起的
pid：
画师：ゆーりか
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